Contoh soal descriptive text dan jawabannya dapat digunakan untuk melatih kemampuan memahami bacaan Bahasa Inggris, terutama dalam menemukan ide pokok, informasi spesifik, arti kosakata, rujukan kata, hingga kesimpulan dari sebuah teks. Materi descriptive text umum dipelajari oleh pelajar SMP dan SMA karena berkaitan langsung dengan kemampuan reading comprehension.
Soal descriptive text tidak selalu dapat diselesaikan hanya dengan menerjemahkan bacaan kata demi kata. Kamu juga perlu memahami objek yang dideskripsikan, mengenali ciri-cirinya, melihat hubungan antaride, dan membedakan informasi yang tertulis secara langsung dengan informasi yang harus disimpulkan.
Untuk membantu latihan, berikut tersedia 55 contoh soal descriptive text dengan tema orang, hewan, tempat, dan benda. Soal disusun dari tingkat dasar hingga menengah dan dilengkapi jawaban sehingga dapat digunakan untuk latihan mandiri, tugas sekolah, maupun persiapan asesmen Bahasa Inggris.
Apa Itu Descriptive Text?
Descriptive text adalah teks Bahasa Inggris yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan seseorang, tempat, hewan, benda, atau objek tertentu secara rinci.
Tujuannya adalah membuat pembaca mendapatkan gambaran yang jelas mengenai objek tersebut, mulai dari penampilan, sifat, ukuran, warna, fungsi, hingga karakteristik lainnya.
Contoh:
“My cat is named Milo. He has soft white fur, bright green eyes, and a long tail. Milo is friendly and playful.”
Teks tersebut menggambarkan seekor kucing bernama Milo melalui beberapa ciri fisik dan sifatnya.
Descriptive text umumnya menggunakan simple present tense karena karakteristik yang dijelaskan biasanya berupa keadaan atau fakta yang relatif tetap.
Selain itu, descriptive text banyak menggunakan adjective seperti:
-
beautiful untuk menggambarkan sesuatu yang indah;
-
large untuk menggambarkan ukuran besar;
-
friendly untuk menggambarkan sifat ramah;
-
quiet untuk menjelaskan keadaan tenang;
-
tall untuk menggambarkan seseorang atau benda yang tinggi.
Baca Juga: 15 AI Terbaik untuk Belajar di 2026: Pilihan Gratis dan Berbayar bagi Pelajar dan Mahasiswa
Struktur Descriptive Text
Descriptive text umumnya mempunyai dua struktur utama, yaitu identification dan description.
Identification
Identification merupakan bagian yang memperkenalkan siapa atau apa yang akan dideskripsikan.
Contoh:
“Raja Ampat is a famous tourist destination in Indonesia.”
Kalimat tersebut mengenalkan Raja Ampat sebagai objek utama.
Description
Description menjelaskan karakteristik objek secara lebih rinci.
Contoh:
“It has clear blue water, beautiful islands, and rich marine life.”
Cara sederhana mengingat struktur descriptive text adalah:
Identification = objek yang dibahas.
Description = karakteristik objek tersebut.
Pemahaman struktur ini membantu ketika soal menanyakan tujuan teks, ide pokok, atau informasi yang berkaitan dengan karakteristik objek.
Jenis Soal Descriptive Text yang Sering Muncul
Dalam latihan Bahasa Inggris, descriptive text dapat menghasilkan beberapa tipe pertanyaan.
-
Main idea, yaitu menentukan ide utama bacaan.
-
Specific information, yaitu mencari informasi tertentu yang tertulis dalam teks.
-
Vocabulary, yaitu menentukan arti atau sinonim sebuah kata.
-
Reference, yaitu menentukan kata yang dirujuk oleh pronoun seperti it, she, he, they, atau them.
-
Inference, yaitu menarik kesimpulan berdasarkan informasi dalam bacaan.
-
Purpose, yaitu menentukan tujuan penulisan teks.
Berikut latihan lengkapnya.
55 Contoh Soal Descriptive Text dan Jawabannya
Teks 1: My Best Friend
“My best friend is Rina. She is thirteen years old and studies at the same school as me. Rina is quite tall and has long black hair. She wears glasses and usually carries a blue backpack.
Rina is friendly and helpful. She often helps me with mathematics when I have difficulty understanding the lesson. During break time, we usually read books or talk about our favorite movies.”
Soal 1
What is the text mainly about?
A. Rina's school
B. The writer's best friend
C. Mathematics lessons
D. The writer's favorite movie
Jawaban: B. The writer's best friend
Soal 2
What does Rina look like?
A. She is short and has curly hair.
B. She is tall and has long black hair.
C. She has short brown hair.
D. She does not wear glasses.
Jawaban: B. She is tall and has long black hair.
Soal 3
Why does the writer consider Rina helpful?
A. She carries a blue backpack.
B. She likes reading books.
C. She helps the writer with mathematics.
D. She watches movies every day.
Jawaban: C. She helps the writer with mathematics.
Soal 4
What do they usually do during break time?
A. Play football
B. Read books or talk about movies
C. Study mathematics
D. Go home
Jawaban: B. Read books or talk about movies
Soal 5
The word “She” refers to ...
A. the writer
B. Rina
C. the teacher
D. the writer's sister
Jawaban: B. Rina
Teks 2: Komodo Dragon
“The Komodo dragon is a large reptile found on several Indonesian islands. It has a strong body, powerful legs, sharp claws, and a long tail. An adult Komodo dragon can grow to more than two meters in length.
Its skin is rough and usually grayish-brown. Komodo dragons are carnivores. They hunt various animals and use their strong sense of smell to locate food.”
Soal 6
What is the purpose of the text?
A. To entertain readers
B. To describe a Komodo dragon
C. To explain how to raise a Komodo dragon
D. To persuade readers to visit a zoo
Jawaban: B. To describe a Komodo dragon
Soal 7
Which physical characteristic is mentioned?
A. Soft fur
B. Short tail
C. Sharp claws
D. Small wings
Jawaban: C. Sharp claws
Soal 8
What color is its skin usually?
A. Green
B. Grayish-brown
C. White
D. Yellow
Jawaban: B. Grayish-brown
Soal 9
The word “carnivores” means animals that ...
A. eat meat
B. eat plants
C. eat fruit only
D. live in water
Jawaban: A. eat meat
Soal 10
How do Komodo dragons locate food?
A. By hearing
B. By using their sense of smell
C. By flying
D. By making sounds
Jawaban: B. By using their sense of smell
Baca Juga: 12 Aplikasi AI Terbaik untuk Pelajar dan Mahasiswa di 2026
Teks 3: My School Library
“My school library is located beside the teachers' room. It is a large and quiet room with several tall bookshelves. The shelves contain textbooks, novels, dictionaries, magazines, and science books.
There are ten reading tables in the middle of the room. Large windows make the library bright during the day. Students usually visit it during break time or after class. I like spending time there because the atmosphere is peaceful.”
Soal 11
Where is the library located?
A. Behind the school
B. Beside the teachers' room
C. Near the gate
D. Beside the canteen
Jawaban: B. Beside the teachers' room
Soal 12
What can students find on the shelves?
A. Only textbooks
B. Different kinds of reading materials
C. Sports equipment
D. Food and drinks
Jawaban: B. Different kinds of reading materials
Soal 13
How many reading tables are there?
A. Eight
B. Nine
C. Ten
D. Twelve
Jawaban: C. Ten
Soal 14
Why is the library bright during the day?
A. It has large windows.
B. It has many lamps.
C. Its walls are white.
D. It is outdoors.
Jawaban: A. It has large windows.
Soal 15
The word “peaceful” is closest in meaning to ...
A. noisy
B. calm
C. crowded
D. dark
Jawaban: B. calm
Teks 4: My Cat
“I have a cat named Snowy. She has thick white fur, small ears, and bright blue eyes. Her tail is long and fluffy. Snowy is not very big, but she is active and playful.
Every morning, she waits near the kitchen for her food. In the afternoon, she often sleeps on the sofa. Snowy likes playing with a small yellow ball.”
Soal 16
What is the cat's name?
A. Kitty
B. Snowy
C. Fluffy
D. Milo
Jawaban: B. Snowy
Soal 17
What color are Snowy's eyes?
A. Green
B. Brown
C. Blue
D. Black
Jawaban: C. Blue
Soal 18
Where does Snowy often sleep?
A. On the sofa
B. Under a table
C. In the kitchen
D. Outside the house
Jawaban: A. On the sofa
Soal 19
Which statement is correct?
A. Snowy is very large.
B. Snowy has black fur.
C. Snowy is active and playful.
D. Snowy dislikes toys.
Jawaban: C. Snowy is active and playful.
Soal 20
The word “fluffy” is closest in meaning to ...
A. soft and thick
B. rough and hard
C. thin and short
D. wet and dirty
Jawaban: A. soft and thick
Teks 5: Borobudur Temple
“Borobudur Temple is a famous Buddhist temple located in Central Java, Indonesia. It was built from volcanic stone and consists of several levels. Its walls contain many detailed reliefs.
Visitors can see numerous stupas on the upper levels. The temple is surrounded by green scenery and attracts people interested in history, culture, and architecture.”
Soal 21
Where is Borobudur Temple located?
A. Central Java
B. Bali
C. East Java
D. West Java
Jawaban: A. Central Java
Soal 22
What material was used to build the temple?
A. Wood
B. Glass
C. Volcanic stone
D. Metal
Jawaban: C. Volcanic stone
Soal 23
What can visitors see on its walls?
A. Photographs
B. Reliefs
C. Mirrors
D. Posters
Jawaban: B. Reliefs
Soal 24
Why do people visit Borobudur?
A. To learn about history and culture
B. To buy electronics
C. To watch sports
D. To study modern buildings
Jawaban: A. To learn about history and culture
Soal 25
What does the text mainly describe?
A. A historical temple
B. A shopping center
C. A modern hotel
D. A school building
Jawaban: A. A historical temple
Teks 6: My Classroom
“My classroom is on the second floor. It is spacious and has twenty tables arranged neatly in rows. Several large windows provide natural light.
A whiteboard is attached to the front wall. Beside it is a bulletin board displaying students' projects and class announcements. Several small plants near the windows make the room look fresher.”
Soal 26
Where is the classroom?
A. First floor
B. Second floor
C. Third floor
D. Ground floor
Jawaban: B. Second floor
Soal 27
How many tables are there?
A. 15
B. 18
C. 20
D. 25
Jawaban: C. 20
Soal 28
What is displayed on the bulletin board?
A. Students' projects and announcements
B. Food menus
C. Sports schedules only
D. School uniforms
Jawaban: A. Students' projects and announcements
Soal 29
What makes the room look fresher?
A. Tables
B. Plants
C. Whiteboard
D. Doors
Jawaban: B. Plants
Soal 30
The word “spacious” means ...
A. narrow
B. large
C. dark
D. crowded
Jawaban: B. large
Baca Juga: Deep Learning dalam Pendidikan: Pengertian, Prinsip, Penerapan, Manfaat, dan Contohnya
Teks 7: My Bicycle
“I have a mountain bike that I use almost every afternoon. It has a black frame, silver handlebars, and thick tires. The tires make it suitable for paved roads and uneven paths.
The seat can be adjusted depending on the rider's height. Although the bicycle is three years old, I regularly clean it and check the brakes and tires.”
Soal 31
What type of bicycle does the writer have?
A. Mountain bike
B. Racing bike
C. Electric bike
D. Children's bike
Jawaban: A. Mountain bike
Soal 32
What color is the frame?
A. Silver
B. Blue
C. Black
D. Red
Jawaban: C. Black
Soal 33
Why is the bicycle suitable for uneven paths?
A. It has thick tires.
B. It has a soft seat.
C. It is black.
D. It is old.
Jawaban: A. It has thick tires.
Soal 34
How does the writer maintain the bicycle?
A. By painting it daily
B. By cleaning it and checking important parts
C. By never using it
D. By buying new tires every week
Jawaban: B. By cleaning it and checking important parts
Soal 35
What can we infer about the writer?
A. The writer takes good care of the bicycle.
B. The writer dislikes cycling.
C. The bicycle is never used.
D. The writer wants to throw it away.
Jawaban: A. The writer takes good care of the bicycle.
Teks 8: Green Hill Park
“Green Hill Park is a small public park near the center of the town. It has a grassy area surrounded by tall trees. A walking path circles the park and is commonly used by residents.
On the eastern side, there is a children's playground with swings and slides. Several benches are available nearby. Trash bins are placed in different areas to help keep the environment clean.”
Soal 36
Where is Green Hill Park?
A. Near the town center
B. Outside the town
C. Beside a beach
D. Behind a school
Jawaban: A. Near the town center
Soal 37
Who commonly uses the walking path?
A. Residents
B. Teachers only
C. Tourists only
D. Children only
Jawaban: A. Residents
Soal 38
Where is the playground?
A. Eastern side
B. Western side
C. Outside the park
D. Northern side
Jawaban: A. Eastern side
Soal 39
What can children find in the playground?
A. Swings and slides
B. Computers
C. Swimming pools
D. Tennis courts
Jawaban: A. Swings and slides
Soal 40
What is the function of the trash bins?
A. To decorate the park
B. To keep the environment clean
C. To store toys
D. To provide seats
Jawaban: B. To keep the environment clean
Teks 9: Mr. Adrian
“Mr. Adrian is my English teacher. He is tall and slim, with short black hair and brown eyes. He usually wears a long-sleeved shirt and dark trousers.
Mr. Adrian is patient and friendly. He explains difficult lessons using simple examples. He also encourages students to speak English during class. Many students enjoy his lessons because he creates a relaxed but focused atmosphere.”
Soal 41
What subject does Mr. Adrian teach?
A. Science
B. Mathematics
C. English
D. History
Jawaban: C. English
Soal 42
What does Mr. Adrian look like?
A. Tall and slim
B. Short and thin
C. Tall with long hair
D. Short and large
Jawaban: A. Tall and slim
Soal 43
Why are his explanations easy to understand?
A. He uses simple examples.
B. He never explains lessons.
C. He gives no assignments.
D. He speaks very quickly.
Jawaban: A. He uses simple examples.
Soal 44
What does he encourage students to do?
A. Speak English
B. Play football
C. Leave the classroom
D. Read mathematics books
Jawaban: A. Speak English
Soal 45
What can be inferred about Mr. Adrian?
A. He is supportive toward his students.
B. He dislikes teaching.
C. Students are afraid of him.
D. His lessons are always confusing.
Jawaban: A. He is supportive toward his students.
Baca Juga: Cara Membuat Animasi Edukasi dengan AI Tanpa Perlu Keahlian Desain
Teks 10: The Blue Whale
“The blue whale is one of the largest animals on Earth. It has a long body with bluish-gray skin. Although it lives in the ocean, the blue whale is a mammal and must come to the surface to breathe.
Blue whales mainly eat tiny sea animals called krill. Despite their enormous size, they do not usually hunt large marine animals.”
Soal 46
What animal is described?
A. Shark
B. Blue whale
C. Dolphin
D. Seal
Jawaban: B. Blue whale
Soal 47
What color is its skin?
A. Bluish-gray
B. Yellow
C. White
D. Brown
Jawaban: A. Bluish-gray
Soal 48
Why does the blue whale come to the surface?
A. To breathe air
B. To find trees
C. To eat birds
D. To sleep
Jawaban: A. To breathe air
Soal 49
What do blue whales mainly eat?
A. Sharks
B. Krill
C. Seaweed
D. Large fish
Jawaban: B. Krill
Soal 50
Which statement is correct?
A. Blue whales are fish.
B. Blue whales are mammals.
C. Blue whales live on land.
D. Blue whales eat only plants.
Jawaban: B. Blue whales are mammals.
Teks 11: My Favorite Backpack
“My favorite backpack is dark green and made of thick waterproof material. It has two large compartments and three smaller pockets. The main compartment is big enough for textbooks, notebooks, and a laptop.
The shoulder straps are wide and soft, making the backpack comfortable to carry. There is also a side pocket for a water bottle. I have used it for almost two years, but it is still in good condition because I clean it regularly.”
Soal 51
What color is the backpack?
A. Dark green
B. Black
C. Blue
D. Red
Jawaban: A. Dark green
Soal 52
How many smaller pockets does it have?
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
Jawaban: C. Three
Soal 53
Why is the backpack comfortable to carry?
A. The straps are wide and soft.
B. It has no books.
C. It is made of paper.
D. It is very small.
Jawaban: A. The straps are wide and soft.
Soal 54
What can be put in the main compartment?
A. Only a water bottle
B. Textbooks, notebooks, and a laptop
C. Only clothes
D. Sports equipment only
Jawaban: B. Textbooks, notebooks, and a laptop
Soal 55
Why is the backpack still in good condition?
A. It is never used.
B. The writer cleans it regularly.
C. It is replaced every month.
D. It is always kept at school.
Jawaban: B. The writer cleans it regularly.
Cara Cepat Mengerjakan Soal Descriptive Text
Jumlah soal yang banyak akan terasa lebih mudah jika kamu menggunakan strategi membaca yang tepat.
1. Baca Pertanyaannya Terlebih Dahulu
Sebelum membaca teks secara detail, lihat informasi yang diminta.
Misalnya:
“Where is the library located?”
Kamu sudah mengetahui bahwa informasi yang perlu dicari adalah lokasi perpustakaan.
2. Cari Objek Utama
Objek descriptive text biasanya diperkenalkan pada awal teks.
Jika paragraf pertama dimulai dengan “My school library...”, hampir dapat dipastikan teks tersebut membahas perpustakaan sekolah.
3. Gunakan Teknik Scanning
Scanning berarti mencari kata atau informasi tertentu tanpa harus membaca setiap kalimat secara perlahan.
Jika pertanyaan menanyakan warna, cari adjective yang berhubungan dengan warna. Jika menanyakan lokasi, cari preposition seperti in, on, beside, near, behind, atau next to.
4. Perhatikan Sinonim
Pilihan jawaban sering menggunakan kata berbeda dengan teks.
Misalnya:
“The classroom is spacious.”
Pilihan jawaban dapat menggunakan kata large. Meskipun katanya berbeda, maknanya masih berhubungan.
5. Jangan Abaikan Kata Negatif
Perhatikan kata seperti:
-
not;
-
never;
-
rarely;
-
except;
-
incorrect;
-
false.
Soal “Which statement is NOT true?” memiliki cara menjawab yang berbeda dengan “Which statement is true?”
6. Gunakan Bukti dari Teks
Untuk pertanyaan inferensi, jangan menjawab berdasarkan pendapat pribadi.
Misalnya seseorang selalu membersihkan dan memeriksa sepedanya. Dari informasi tersebut, kesimpulan yang masuk akal adalah bahwa ia merawat sepedanya dengan baik.
Kesimpulan tetap harus memiliki dasar dalam teks.
Kesalahan Umum Saat Menjawab Descriptive Text
Salah satu kesalahan paling umum adalah menerjemahkan seluruh bacaan sebelum melihat pertanyaannya. Cara tersebut tidak salah, tetapi dapat memakan waktu ketika teks cukup panjang.
Kesalahan lainnya adalah memilih jawaban hanya karena memiliki kata yang sama dengan teks. Pilihan tersebut belum tentu mempunyai makna yang sesuai.
Perhatikan contoh:
“The dog is not aggressive.”
Jika pilihan jawaban berbunyi “The dog is aggressive”, jawabannya tetap salah walaupun kata aggressive muncul dalam teks.
Kesalahan juga sering terjadi ketika mengerjakan soal reference.
Contoh:
“Rina has a cat. She feeds it every morning.”
Kata she merujuk pada Rina, sedangkan it merujuk pada cat.
Karena itu, baca satu atau dua kalimat sebelum pronoun untuk menentukan rujukannya.
Cara Belajar Descriptive Text agar Lebih Mudah
Latihan sebaiknya tidak berhenti setelah mengetahui benar atau salahnya jawaban. Catat alasan mengapa jawaban tertentu benar.
Kamu dapat membuat catatan sederhana yang berisi:
-
kosakata baru;
-
adjective yang sering digunakan;
-
sinonim yang ditemukan;
-
pronoun dan kata yang dirujuk;
-
jenis pertanyaan yang sering salah;
-
pola simple present tense.
Cobalah pula membuat descriptive text sendiri sekitar 80–150 kata mengenai benda atau tempat yang dekat dengan kehidupan sehari-hari.
Misalnya:
-
kamar tidur;
-
ruang kelas;
-
sahabat;
-
hewan peliharaan;
-
sekolah;
-
taman;
-
perpustakaan;
-
sepeda;
-
tas sekolah.
Setelah teks selesai, buat lima pertanyaan yang terdiri dari main idea, specific information, vocabulary, reference, dan inference.
Metode tersebut membuat kamu tidak hanya terbiasa menjawab soal, tetapi juga memahami bagaimana sebuah soal reading comprehension disusun.
FAQ
Apa tujuan descriptive text?
Descriptive text bertujuan menggambarkan orang, hewan, tempat, benda, atau objek tertentu agar pembaca dapat memahami karakteristiknya. Deskripsi dapat mencakup penampilan, sifat, ukuran, warna, maupun kondisi objek.
Tense apa yang digunakan dalam descriptive text?
Simple present tense merupakan tense yang paling umum digunakan karena descriptive text biasanya menjelaskan karakteristik yang relatif tetap. Tense lain tetap dapat muncul apabila konteks waktunya berbeda.
Bagaimana cara menentukan main idea descriptive text?
Cari objek yang paling banyak dibahas kemudian perhatikan informasi yang mendukungnya. Jangan hanya mengambil satu detail kecil sebagai ide utama.
Apa perbedaan descriptive text dan report text?
Descriptive text biasanya menggambarkan objek tertentu secara spesifik, misalnya “My Cat Snowy”. Report text membahas suatu kelas atau kelompok secara umum, misalnya “Cats” sebagai jenis hewan.
Apakah harus menerjemahkan semua kata dalam descriptive text?
Tidak. Fokus terlebih dahulu pada ide utama dan informasi yang ditanyakan. Kosakata yang belum dipahami sering dapat ditebak melalui konteks kalimat, sinonim, atau informasi di sekitarnya.
Penutup
Berlatih menggunakan 55 contoh soal descriptive text dan jawabannya dapat membantu kamu mengenali berbagai pola pertanyaan dalam reading comprehension Bahasa Inggris. Jangan hanya berfokus pada kunci jawaban, tetapi pahami alasan setiap pilihan dinyatakan benar atau salah.
Mulailah dengan mengenali objek utama, kemudian cari detail penting seperti karakteristik, lokasi, sifat, dan fungsi. Untuk soal vocabulary dan inference, gunakan konteks bacaan sebagai dasar sebelum menentukan jawaban.
Jika latihan dilakukan secara rutin menggunakan teks dengan tema berbeda, kamu akan semakin terbiasa menemukan main idea, specific information, reference, vocabulary, dan kesimpulan. Pola tersebut juga dapat digunakan ketika menghadapi latihan kelas maupun asesmen Bahasa Inggris dengan bacaan yang lebih panjang.
